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Security

Step-by-step security guides for hardware wallet users. PIN setup, passphrase configuration, firmware updates, and operational security. Learn how to implement the defenses — for threat identification, see our Threat Models category.

15 in-depth guides
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Owning a hardware wallet is step one. Configuring it correctly is where real security starts. These guides walk you through practical security setup — from initial PIN configuration to advanced passphrase protection — based on hands-on testing of every device we review.

We focus on actionable steps, not theory. Each guide includes specific instructions for major wallet brands (Ledger, Trezor, Keystone, and others), so you can follow along with your actual device.

Not sure which threats you're defending against? Start with our threat model guides first — they'll help you decide which security measures are worth your time based on your specific situation. Then come back here for step-by-step implementation.

Start Here: Essential Security Guides

New to security? Begin with these foundational guides

Wallets That Defend Against These Threats

Reading about threats is step one. Step two is choosing a wallet built to handle them.

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Browse All Security Content

Explore 15 guides curated for security

How to Store Crypto Safely

beginner

The complete guide to crypto storage security. From exchange risks to cold storage best practices — protect your assets.

6 min read

Moving Countries: Relocating Your Crypto Setup

intermediate

Relocating internationally? How to move your crypto setup across borders legally and securely without losing access.

9 min read

Fire and Flood Proofing Your Seed Phrase Backup

beginner

Paper burns. Metal survives. Compare steel seed phrase backups and storage solutions that withstand fire and water damage.

7 min read

Natural Disaster Preparedness for Crypto Holdings

intermediate

Fires, floods, earthquakes — how to ensure your crypto survives when your home does not. Geographic backup strategies.

10 min read

Digital Nomad Crypto Security: Threat Model for Constant Travel

intermediate

Working from coworking spaces, cafes, and hotels. The unique threats facing digital nomads managing crypto on the move.

8 min read

Blind Signing Risks — Why You Should Avoid It

intermediate

Blind signing means approving a transaction you can't verify. It's one of the biggest risks in DeFi.

7 min read

Showing 6 of 15 articles

Explore Other Topics

Complement your security knowledge with these related categories

How We Work

Transparency is our foundation. Here's how we build our Security recommendations.

Every Wallet Tested

We test every wallet we review — no pay-for-play listings.

Self-Custody Only

We only review self-custody wallets. Your keys, your crypto.

Documented Attack Vectors

Guides based on real, documented attack vectors — not hypotheticals.

Ratings Recalculated on Change

All ratings update when wallet specs change. See our open methodology.

How We Rate

Frequently Asked Questions

Common questions about Security and hardware wallet security

How do I set up a hardware wallet securely for the first time?
Start in a private environment with a trusted computer. Verify the device packaging is sealed and untampered. During setup: generate your seed phrase on the device itself (never on a computer), write it down on paper or metal — never digitally, set a strong PIN, and verify the device firmware version matches the manufacturer website. Never use a pre-filled seed phrase that came with the device.
Do I need a passphrase in addition to my seed phrase?
A passphrase (sometimes called the 25th word) adds an extra layer of protection. Without it, anyone who finds your seed phrase controls your funds. With a passphrase, the seed phrase alone is useless. The tradeoff: if you forget the passphrase, those funds are permanently lost. Use one if you hold significant value, but store a hint securely and separately from your seed.
How often should I update my hardware wallet firmware?
Update firmware promptly when security patches are released — these fix known vulnerabilities. For feature-only updates, wait a few days to let early adopters find bugs. Always verify the update source (official manufacturer app or website) and ensure your seed phrase backup is accessible before updating, as some updates may reset the device.
Is my hardware wallet safe if my computer has malware?
Hardware wallets are designed to protect your keys even on a compromised computer — the private keys never leave the device. However, malware can still manipulate what you see on screen: it can change destination addresses or transaction amounts. Always verify the recipient address and amount on your hardware wallet screen before confirming any transaction.

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